About Me
I am a postdoctoral researcher working on the BEST project at the Knowledge Representation & Reasoning group at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and am also affiliated with the Leibniz Center for Law at the Universiteit van Amsterdam.
In the past I have been involved with numerous projects, most notably CLIME, E-POWER, and ESTRELLA.
I am the main author of the LKIF Core ontology of basic legal concepts, and one of the initial developers of the MetaLex XML format for legal sources. I am a member of the OWL Working Group and the eGov Interest Group of the W3C on behalf of the Universiteit van Amsterdam
Ontology Representation
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As the (in)famous definition states: "An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization". However, an ontology is also a philosophical theory of existence, a knowledge management resource, a database schema, or a type of knowledge representation artefact on the semantic web. Over the years the term 'ontology' has been used in so many different ways that one can no longer be sure what is meant by it at any given occasion. This book clarifies the role ontologies play in knowledge representation; it discusses the distinctions with their use in philosophy, gives insight in the features, rationale and limitations of the OWL 2 web ontology language, and provides a critical review of methodologies and design principles advocated to improve the quality of ontologies. It covers both theory and practice of knowledge acquisition, representation and ontologies; it emphasises human understanding as knowledge structuring principle, and demonstrates this approach in the development of a core ontology of basic legal concepts (LKIF Core) and in the exploration of expressive ontology design patterns for the representation of social reality, change and causation, actions and transactions. In doing so it contributes to a better understanding of the representation of ontologies; or rather, what it means to do ontology representation.
Rinke Hoekstra, Ontology Representation - Design Patterns and Ontologies that Make Sense, volume 197 of Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, Amsterdam, June 2009.
Contact Info
| Leibniz Center for Law | AI Department |
| Faculty of Law | Faculty of Sciences |
| Universiteit van Amsterdam | Vrije Universiteit |
| Kloveniersburgwal 48 | De Boelelaan 1081a |
| 1012 CX Amsterdam | 1081 HV Amsterdam |
| +31-(0)20-5253499 | +31-(0)20-5987752 |
| hoekstra@uva.nl | hoekstra@few.vu.nl |
| Room: ET1.09c | Room: T3.12 |
Publications
| [1] | Rinke Hoekstra. Ontology Representation - Design Patterns and Ontologies that Make Sense, volume 197 of Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, Amsterdam, June 2009. To be Published. |
| [2] | Rinke Hoekstra, Radboud Winkels, and Erik Hupkes. Reasoning with spatial plans on the semantic web. In Carole Hafner, editor, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2009). IAAIL, ACM Press, June 2009. |
| [3] | Rob Peters, Rinke Hoekstra, Tom van Engers, and Erik Hupkes. Legal simcity: Legislative maps and semantic web supporting conflict resolution. In B. van Loenen, J.W.J. Besemer, and J.A. Zevenbergen, editors, SDI Convergence - Research, Emerging Trends, and Critical Assessment, pages 63 - 74. Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association (GSDI), Optima Graphic Communication, June 2009. |
| [4] | Rinke Hoekstra, Joost Breuker, Marcello Di Bello, and Alexander Boer. LKIF core: Principled ontology development for the legal domain. In Joost Breuker, Pompeu Casanovas, Michel Klein, and Enrico Francesconi, editors, Law, Ontologies and the Semantic Web, volume 188 of Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2009. |
| [5] | Saskia van de Ven, Joost Breuker, Rinke Hoekstra, Lars Wortel, and Abdallah El-Ali. Automated legal assessment in OWL 2. In Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2008: The 21st Annual Conference, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, December 2008. |
| [6] | Saskia van de Ven, Rinke Hoekstra, Joost Breuker, Lars Wortel, and Abdallah El-Ali. Judging Amy: Automated legal assessment using OWL 2. In Proceedings of OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2008 EU), October 2008. |
| [7] | Rinke Hoekstra and Joost Breuker. Polishing diamonds in OWL2. In Aldo Gangemi and Jérôme Euzenat, editors, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2008), LNAI/LNCS. Springer Verlag, October 2008. [ DOI ] |
| [8] | Rinke Hoekstra. Use of OWL in the legal domain (statement of interest). In Kendall Clark and Peter F. Patel-Schneider, editors, Proceedings of OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2008 DC), Washington, DC (metro), April 2008. |
| [9] | Szymon Klarman, Rinke Hoekstra, and Marc Bron. Versions and applicability of concept definitions in legal ontologies. In Kendall Clark and Peter F. Patel-Schneider, editors, Proceedings of OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2008 DC), Washington, DC (metro), April 2008. |
| [10] | Saskia van de Ven, Rinke Hoekstra, Radboud Winkels, Emile de Maat, and Ádám Kollar. MetaVex: Regulation drafting meets the semantic web. In Pompeu Casanovas, Giovanni Sartor, Núria Casellas, and Rossella Rubino, editors, Computable Models of the Law. Languages, Dialogues, Games, Ontologies., volume 4884 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 42-55. Springer Verlag, 2008. [ DOI ] |
| [11] | Szymon Klarman and Rinke Hoekstra. Summary of the specification of the Legal Knowledge Interchange Format deliverable 1.1. Technical report, University of Amsterdam, 2008. |
| [12] | Boris Motik, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Sean Bechhofer, Bernardo Cuenca Grau, Achille Fokoue, Rinke Hoekstra, and Bijan Parsia. OWL 2 web ontology language: Xml serialization. Last call working draft, W3C, 2008. (to be published, may be superseded). [ http ] |
| [13] | Boris Motik, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Bijan Parsia, Conrad Bock, Achille Fokoue, Peter Haase, Rinke Hoekstra, Ian Horrocks, Alan Ruttenberg, Uli Sattler, and Mike Smith. OWL 2 web ontology language: Structural specification and functional-style syntax. Last call working draft, W3C, 2008. (to be published, may be superseded). [ http ] |
| [14] | Rinke Hoekstra and Joost Breuker. Commonsense causal explanation in a legal domain. Artificial Intelligence & Law, 15(3):281-299, September 2007. Special issue on Legal Ontologies and Artificial Intelligence Techniques. [ DOI | http ] |
| [15] | Rinke Hoekstra, Joost Breuker, Marcello Di Bello, and Alexander Boer. The LKIF Core ontology of basic legal concepts. In Pompeu Casanovas, Maria Angela Biasiotti, Enrico Francesconi, and Maria Teresa Sagri, editors, Proceedings of the Workshop on Legal Ontologies and Artificial Intelligence Techniques (LOAIT 2007), June 2007. |
| [16] | Saskia van de Ven, Rinke Hoekstra, and Radboud Winkels. MetaVex: Regulation drafting meets the semantic web. In Michel Klein, Paulo Quaresma, and Núria Casellas, editors, Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Web technology for Law (SW4Law 2007), June 2007. |
| [17] | Joost Breuker, Rinke Hoekstra, Alexander Boer, Kasper van den Berg, Rossella Rubino, Giovanni Sartor, Monica Palmirani, Adam Wyner, and Trevor Bench-Capon. OWL ontology of basic legal concepts (LKIF-Core). Deliverable 1.4, Estrella, 2007. [ http ] |
| [18] | Joost Breuker, Alexander Boer, Rinke Hoekstra, and Kasper van den Berg. Developing content for LKIF: Ontologies and frameworks for legal reasoning. In Tom M. van Engers, editor, Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2006: The Nineteenth Annual Conference, volume 152 of Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 169-174. IOS Press, December 2006. |
| [19] | R. Hoekstra, J. Liem, B. Bredeweg, and J. Breuker. Requirements for representing situations. In Bernardo Cuenca Grau, Pascal Hitzler, Conor Shankey, and Evan Wallace, editors, Proceedings of the OWLED'06 workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions 2006, volume 216 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Athens, Georgia (USA), November 10-11 2006. |
| [20] | R. Hoekstra and J. Breuker. Processes as causal glue in a framework for ontology-based responsibility attribution. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Legal Ontologies and Artificial Intelligence Techniques, in conjunction with ICAIL 2005, Bologna, Italy, 2005. |
| [21] | Joost Breuker and Rinke Hoekstra. Direct: Ontology based discovery of responsibility and causality in legal case descriptions. In T. Gordon, editor, Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2004: The Seventeenth Annual Conference., Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 59-68, Amsterdam, 2004. IOS Press. |
| [22] | Joost Breuker and Rinke Hoekstra. Core concepts of law: taking common-sense seriously. In Proceedings of Formal Ontologies in Information Systems FOIS-2004, pages 210-221. IOS-Press, 2004. |
| [23] | Joost Breuker and Rinke Hoekstra. Epistemology and ontology in core ontologies: FOLaw and LRI-Core, two core ontologies for law. In Proceedings of EKAW Workshop on Core ontologies. CEUR, 2004. [ http ] |
| [24] | A. Boer, R. Hoekstra, R. Winkels, and T. van Engers. METAlex: Jurisdiction and Language. In Monica Palmirani, Tom van Engers, and Maria A. Wimmer, editors, Proceedings of the E-Government Workshop in conjunction with JURIX 2003, pages 54-66. Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner, December 2003. |
| [25] | A. Boer, R. Winkels, and R. Hoekstra. METAlex: een schema voor de struktuur van wet- en regelgeving. <!ELEMENT, 1, 2003. [ http ] |
| [26] | Alexander Boer, Radboud Winkels, Rinke Hoekstra, and Tom M. van Engers. Knowledge Management for Legislative Drafting in an International Setting. In D. Bourcier, editor, Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2003: The Sixteenth Annual Conference., Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 91-100, Amsterdam, 2003. IOS Press. |
| [27] | Antoinette J. Muntjewerff, Astrid Jordaans, Rinke Hoekstra, and Ronald Leenes. Case analysis and storage environment - case. In D. Bourcier, editor, Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2003: The Sixteenth Annual Conference, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 1-10, Amsterdam, 2003. IOS Press. |
| [28] | R. Winkels, A. Boer, and R. Hoekstra. METAlex: An XML Standard for Legal Documents. In Proceedings of the XML Europe Conference, London (UK), 2003. [ .html ] |
| [29] | A. Boer, R. Hoekstra, R. Winkels, T. van Engers, and F. Willaert. METAlex: Legislation in XML. In T. Bench-Capon, Aspassia Daskalopulu, and R.G.F. Winkels, editors, Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2002: The Fifteenth Annual Conference, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 1-10, Amsterdam, 2002. IOS Press. |
| [30] | A. Boer, R. Hoekstra, R. Winkels, T. van Engers, and F. Willaert. Proposal for a Dutch Legal XML Standard. In R. Traunmüller and K. Lenk, editors, Electronic Government (EGOV 2002), pages 142-149, Berlin; Heidelberg; New York, 2002. Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science. |
| [31] | Radboud Winkels, Alexander Boer, and Rinke Hoekstra. CLIME: lessons learned in legal information serving. In Frank van Harmelen, editor, Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2002), Amsterdam, 2002. IOS-Press. |
| [32] | Jan van Lieshout, Alexander Boer, and Rinke Hoekstra. Evaluation of KM methods, Tools and Interface. Esprit Project 28678 KDE, deliverable D 8.2, The KDE consortium, October 2001. |
| [33] | A. Boer, R.G.F. Winkels, and R. Hoekstra. The CLIME Ontology. In R.G.F. Winkels, editor, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Legal Ontologies (LEGONT), pages 37-47, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2001. |
| [34] | W. Jansweijer, J. Breuker, J. Van Lieshout, E. Van Der Stadt, R. Hoekstra, and A. Boer. Workflow directed knowledge management. In B. Stanford-Smith and E. Chiozza, editors, E-work and E-commerce: Novel solutions and practices for a global networked economy, pages 755-762, Amsterdam, 2001. IOS-Press. ISBN 1.58603.205.4. |
| [35] | Jan van Lieshout, Alexander Boer, Erica van de Stadt, Wouter Jansweijer, and Rinke Hoekstra. Documentation for the RDF based Ontology Toolset in the Knowledge Worker Desktop Environment. Esprit Project 28678 KDE, deliverable D 5.2, The KDE consortium, 2001. |
| [36] | A. Boer, D. Bosscher, R.G.F. Winkels, and R. Hoekstra. Evaluation of Legal Explanation Prototype. Esprit Project 21525 CLIME, deliverable D 3.1, CLIME Consortium, 2000. |
| [37] | A. Boer, R.G.F. Winkels, and R. Hoekstra. Evaluation of Legal Encoding. Esprit Project 21525 CLIME, deliverable D 3.2, CLIME Consortium, 2000. |
| [38] | R.G.F. Winkels, D. Bosscher, A. Boer, and R. Hoekstra. Extended conceptual retrieval. In J.A. Breuker, R. Leenes, and R.G.F. Winkels, editors, Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2000: The Thirteenth Annual Conference, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 85-98, Amsterdam, 2000. IOS Press. |
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